This book intends to offer an alternative lens for regionalism studies in Southeast Asia. Despite of its widely acknowledged status as one of the most successful regionalism, ASEAN still suffers from numerous obstacles. Yet, in the midst of ASEAN uncertain future trajectories, there is only limited consensus on how to approach ASEAN regionalism. Scholars of ASEAN regionalism tend to use ASEAN identity as the main explanation of cooperation among ASEAN member states.