This report was developed in cognisance of the different systems and priorities of AMS, offers an analysis of the current state in ASEAN, provides a detailed literature review to consider supporting evidence and emerging practices, as well as highlights relevant case studies of modernisation from within and outside the region.

The study is one of the initiatives under the ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service Matters (ACCSM) Work Plan 2021-2025 and coordinated by the ASEAN Secretariat with support from the Australian Public Service Commission. Developed by the consulting team from KPMG Australia, this publication is the result of extensive online consultations and survey with ACCSM focal points and selected ASEAN entities between October 2020 and March 2021. This report was ad-referendum endorsed by ACCSM in July 2021.