As way of background, the Study was planned under the Senior Labour Officials Meeting’s Working Group on Progressive Labour Practices to Enhance the Competitiveness of ASEAN (SLOM-WG) Work Plan 2016-2020 under the leadership of the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) of Viet Nam, in cooperation with the ASEAN Secretariat and International Labour Organization (ILO), supported by the ASEAN Development Fund. The Study provides recommendations contributing to a comprehensive approach towards effective pension policies and systems, particularly on the prospects of future social old-age income policies, as one of the most important macroeconomic policy agenda in the region. Likewise, the Study covers mechanisms in extending existing and new contributory schemes particularly to workers in informal employment and in new forms of employment brought about by rapidly changing business models and job transformation.