Arms smuggling remains a pervasive issue in ASEAN, particularly in post-conflict areas. The ASEAN’s cross-border nature makes it difficult to stop illicit trade, including the smuggling of firearms and its ammunition in the region. Arms smuggling represents challenges to the socio-economic and political development of ASEAN Member States. Arms smuggling considerably heightens the potential for violence of a wide variety of non-state actors – ranging from separatists, crime syndicates, terrorist, and drug lords to pirates. In consequence, it poses threat to the safety and security of communities in the region.