The issue of non-proliferation has been in the agenda of ARF since the inception of the Forum in 1994. Deliberation on NPD are undertaken through the convening of ad-hoc activities and also through the ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting at Non-Proliferation and Disarmament (ISM on NPD). Discussions are mostly centred around the recent developments in nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, including the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) review; recent developments on nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons of mass destruction non-proliferation; updates on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; and international mechanisms to prevent and counter WMD proliferation.